- Rhesus alloimmunization.
- Kell antigen sensitization.
- ABO alloimmunization is
extremely rare.
The widespread use of Rh immune globulin (RhIG) from
prophylaxis has reduced the incidence of this disease significantly.
- Fetal anemia (maternal Rh
antibody, IgG anti-D, crosses the placenta and destroys the Rh positive
fetal red blood cells causing anemia). The fetal bone marrow cannot
produce enough red blood cells resulting is extramedullary erythropoeisis.
- Hepatomegaly.
- Splenomegaly.
- Placentomegaly.
- Hydrops. Hypoproteinemia
results from the liver dysfunction reducing the colloid osmotic pressure.
- Umbilical vein increases
progressively.
- Forouzan I. Hydrops fetalis:
Recent advances. Obstet Gynecol Surv 1997;52(2):130-137.